Flights of 13MIKE
by Fred J. Calfior and Douglas W. Miller
FLIGHT |
Takeoff:
"Don't leave any skid marks on the way out to the runway, but you can start putting in the power, and we'll roll as we go. In the process of that move, check that your flap settings are correct - I see they're a notch down, fuel is okay for this fight to Kennedy, trimmed the way you like it, and those wonderful oil temperature and pressure needles love that green spot!"
1) Record TIME ___________________________
2) Release brakes and taxi onto runway 13
3) Advance power to "FULL"
4) Maintain centerline of runway
5) At 50 knots airspeed lift nose wheel off runway
6) At 70 knots ease back on the yoke to establish a 10 degree pitch up attitude
7) Maintain a climb AIRSPEED of 80 knots
8) Do a climbing RIGHT turn to a heading of "175" degrees
9) Raise Gear when there is no more runway to land on
10) At "500" feet above the ground, raise the FLAPS to "0"
La Guardia Tower:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, SWITCH TO DEPARTURE CONTROL FREQUENCY AT THIS TIME. HAVE A GOOD NIGHT."
You:
"SWITCHING"
11) Tune COM to "120.4" (New York Departure)
12) Reduce power to about "2300" RPM at "1000" feet above the ground (AGL)
You:
"NEW YORK DEPARTURE, CESSNA 13MIKE IS WITH YOU, PASSING 800 FEET, WHITESTONE CLIMB."
New York Departure:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, RADAR CONTACT. CONTINUE WITH STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE."
You:
"13MIKE."
"Maybe you haven't noticed, but this "800" feet per minute climb rate on your Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) is always what the needle goes for at this 80 knot climb! An airplane can be so predictable, once you've flown it often enough. It sort of becomes an extension of you, if you know what I mean! That's the factor of comfortableness setting in, which is the mark of a great pilot. Okay, just keep following the instructions of the La Guardia Three Departure as I give them to you."
Climb out:
1) Maintain a heading of "175" until passing "1500" feet, or NAV 1 DME DIST reads "3.0", whichever comes first
2) Then commence a left turn to a heading of "040"
"Now here's what's a little bit different from your previous flights! See how really dark it is as we enter the clouds? No visual horizon reference. So you have to fly your attitude indicator, keeping wings level, or when turning, just lock in on your first index mark on the turn coordinator for that standard rate turn. Something else, you can turn "OFF" your STROBES while flying in heavy overcast, in order to prevent the distraction of the resultant flashes. You are looking great, relying upon those instruments - I see more of a crease on your forehead than before, as you concentrate on those instrument readings!"
New York Departure:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, HAVE YOU THREE MILES SOUTHEAST OF LA GUARDIA, SWITCH TO NEW YORK CENTER ON 119.8."
You:
"13MIKE, SWITCHING CENTER ON 119.8."
3) Tune COM to "119.8" (New York Center)
You:
"NEW YORK CENTER, CESSNA 13MIKE IS WITH YOU, PASSING 2,500 FEET."
New York Center:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, RADAR CONTACT. CONTINUE ON PRESENT COURSE UNTIL INTERCEPTING THE 056 RADIAL, LA GUARDIA VOR, AND PROCEED OUTBOUND TO INTERCEPT THE 170 RADIAL OUTBOUND FROM CARMEL VOR. CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN 5,000 FEET. REPORT WHEN LEVEL AT 5,000 FEET."
You:
"13MIKE, INTERCEPT THE LA GUARDIA 056 RADIAL, THEN CARMEL 170 RADIAL OUTBOUND. PASSING 2,900 FEET FOR 5,000 FEET."
4) Watch your NAV 1 CDI, when the needle is centered, start your RIGHT turn to a heading of "056"
5) Track outbound on the "056" radial
"Flying instruments reminds me of one of those automatic teller machines! You know, you put your card in, punch in some keys, and the money you want comes out to you. We file an IFR flight plan, it's verified by Center, and now they spit out the instructions which we have placed in our flight plan. All we do is obey and trust their instructions - but check your money!!! Looks like we're coming up on our altitude - don't roller coaster over the top on me!"
Level off:
1) Begin to level off when the altimeter reads "4900" feet
2) Maintain "5000" feet
3) Reduce power to about "2200" [2400] RPM
You:
"NEW YORK CENTER, CESSNA 13MIKE IS LEVEL AT 5,000 FEET."
New York Center:
"13MIKE, ROGER."
Course changes:
1) When the NAV 2 CDI needle is one and a half dots LEFT of center, turn to "170" and track outbound from CMK VOR
2) Set the DME to "NAV 2"
3) When established outbound, press "P" to pause the simulation
** 4) Record your:
GROUND SPEED________________________________(25 pts)
NAV 2 DME DIST________________________________(25 pts)
ALTITUDE______________________________________(20 pts)
AIRSPEED_______________________________________(20 pts)
CURRENT HEADING_____________________________(20 pts)
COM FREQUENCY_______________________________(20 pts)
RPM____________________________________________(15 pts)
5) Press "P" to continue the simulation
New York Center:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, UPON REACHING 25 DME FROM CARMEL, DESCEND DOWN TO AND MAINTAIN 2,500 FEET, AND TURN TO A HEADING OF 210. YOU ARE CLEARED TO THE BABYLON NDB. EXPECT FURTHER CLEARANCE FOR VOR DME RWY 22L APPROACH IN FIFTEEN MINUTES."
You:
"13MIKE, WHEN AT CARMEL 25 DME, DESCEND TO 2,500 FEET, AND TURN TO 210 FOR BABYLON NDB. FURTHER CLEARANCE IN 15 MINUTES."
"You know what's happened here? Normally, Center will wait until you're closer to get a clearance such as that. But it is on our flight plan, and so they're just saving time for themselves by communicating now. You just need to hold that thought until you reach 25 DME before leaving 5,000 feet altitude. It's still pretty dark out here - and I think it'll probably continue to be dark until morning!!!
Descent:
1) When NAV 2 DME DIST reads "25.0", turn RIGHT to a heading of "210"
2) Set ADF to "275"
3) Press "P" to pause simulation
4) Activate "ADF"
5) Press "P" to resume simulation
6) Set power to about "2100" [2300] RPM, descend to "2500" ft
"There's a bit of a rush in this descent, so just pick a 1000 feet per minute rate of descent and stabilize yourself."
7) Turn to a heading that will put the arrow of the ADF needle straight up on "0"
"This is called 'homing'. When homing, many times the course may periodically change due to winds. But it's also an easy method because you're not trying to set a crab to hold a certain radial. You let the winds blow you hither, thither, and yonder, but just keep the ADF needle pointed straight up! You know, if you have tools to use in your aircraft, use them all, or at least know how to use them!"
8) Maintain a centered ADF needle
"If the ADF needle is right of straight up, correct your heading to the right. If it's left of straight up, correct to the left. Correct in the direction the needle actually is. Doesn't this give you a warm, fuzzy feeling on the inside?"
9) When passing "3500" feet, press "P" to pause the simulation
** 10) Record your:
NAV 2 DME DIST_____________________________(25 pts)
ADF Needle Position____________________________(25 pts)
AIRSPEED____________________________________(20 pts)
VSI__________________________________________(20 pts)
RPM_________________________________________(20 pts)
HEADING_____________________________________(15 pts)
11) Press "P" to continue the simulation
12) Tune NAV 1 to "115.9"
13) Set NAV 1 OBS to "232"
14) At "2500" feet, increase power to about "2200" [2400] RPM
New York Center:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, UPON CROSSING BABYLON NDB, TURN TO A MAGNETIC COURSE OF 315. THIS WILL BE A VECTORED INTERCEPT FOR A FINAL APPROACH INBOUND TO KENNEDY'S VOR DME RWY 22L APPROACH. MAINTAIN 2,500 FEET."
You:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, FROM BABYLON, TURN TO 315 COURSE FOR INTERCEPT TO KENNEDY VOR DME APPROACH, RUNWAY 22 LEFT. MAINTAIN 2,500 FEET. REQUEST PERMISSION TO SWITCH FREQUENCIES FOR A MINUTE. WILL REPORT BACK ON."
New York Center:
"13MIKE, FREQUENCY CHANGE IS APPROVED. REPORT BACK ON."
15) Tune COM to "128.7" (Kennedy ATIS)
"KENNEDY INTERNATIONAL, INFORMATION OSCAR, 2320 ZULU WEATHER, SKY 600 OVERCAST, 2000 OVERCAST, LIGHT DRIZZLE, VISIBILITY A MILE AND A HALF. TEMPERATURE 64, WIND 200 AT 10. ALTIMETER 29.81. LANDING AND DEPARTING RUNWAY 22 RIGHT. ALL INSTRUMENT APPROACHES FOR LIGHT AIRPLANES WILL BE ON RUNWAY 22 LEFT. ADVISE ON INITIAL CONTACT YOU HAVE INFORMATION OSCAR."
"So you see, that's why Center told us we'd be set up for runway 22 Left! Because there are approaches into 22 Right, whose runway is longer, but we don't need all that length. Plus it keeps us out of harm's way (Do you remember John Wayne - 'In Harm's Way'?) from the monster carriers who tend to eat up little 182 RGs trying to mind their own business! I know that Center is in tears over having lost us, so let's help them dry those tear with joyous news of our return!"
16) Tune COM back to "119.8"
You:
"NEW YORK CENTER, CESSNA 13MIKE IS BACK WITH YOU."
New York Center:
"13MIKE, THANK YOU."
17) Set ALTIMETER, set DG, and check FUEL
18) Set CARB HEAT to "ON"
19) Watch the ADF needle. When it falls left or right "90" degrees - turn RIGHT to a heading of "315"
20) Set DME to "NAV 1"
Approach:
New York Center:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, UPON INTERCEPTING THE 042 RADIAL OUT OF KENNEDY, YOU ARE CLEARED FOR THE VOR DME RWY 22 LEFT APPROACH INTO JFK INTERNATIONAL. CONTACT NEW YORK APPROACH CONTROL ON 127.4."
You:
"13MIKE, WITH THE 042 JFK RADIAL, CLEARED FOR THE VOR DME RUNWAY 22 LEFT APPROACH. 127.4 NEW YORK APPROACH CONTROL."
1) Tune COM to "127.4" (New York Approach Control)
You:
"NEW YORK APPROACH, CESSNA 13MIKE IS NORTHWEST OF THE FIELD INBOUND FOR THE VOR DME RUNWAY 22 LEFT INTO JFK."
New York Approach:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, VERIFIED 10 MILES NORTHWEST OF THE FIELD, CONTINUE."
"Great! The approach is ours! I'll walk you through the steps, so just follow my instructions as if I was the page that had the instrument approach procedure on it! You'll like this!"
2) When the NAV 1 CDI needle is two dots to the RIGHT, turn to a heading of "232"
Figure 12.2 VOR DME RWY 22L approach
"Wahoo! Mountain Dew! You are now on the VOR DME approach. I'd suggest that you now turn your STROBES back to the "ON" position so that you're visible and legal!!!"
3) Reduce power to about "1500" [1800] RPM and descend to "2000" feet
note: You need to be at 2000 feet by the time your NAV 1 DME DIST reads "7.0" (This is WUGAL intersection)
4) When at "7.0" DME, put GEAR "DOWN"
5) When you have slowed to 90 knots, set FLAPS to first notch
6) At "7.0" DME, continue descent to "1400" feet
7) You should be at "1400" feet when the NAV 1 DME DIST reads "5.0" (This is RUSHY intersection)
New York Approach:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, SWITCH TO TOWER AT THIS TIME ON FREQUENCY 119.1"
You:
"13MIKE, 119.1 TOWER."
8) Tune COM to "119.1" (Kennedy Tower)
You:
"KENNEDY TOWER, CESSNA 13MIKE IS WITH YOU."
Kennedy Tower:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, YOU ARE CLEARED TO LAND ON RUNWAY 22 LEFT."
You:
"13MIKE, CLEARED TO LAND."
9) At "5.0" DME, continue descent to "600" feet
10) You should be at "600" feet when the NAV 1 DME DIST reads "3.0" (This is the D3.0 fix)
11) Set FLAPS to second notch (20 degrees)
12) Press "P" to pause the simulation
** 13) Record your:
NAV 1 DME DIST____________________________ (25 pts)
AIRSPEED__________________________________ (20 pts)
VSI_________________________________________ (20 pts)
ALTITUDE__________________________________ (20 pts)
HEADING___________________________________ (15 pts)
RPM________________________________________ (15 pts)
CARB HEAT_________________________________ (10 pts)
GEAR_______________________________________ (10 pts)
14) Press "P" to continue the simulation
"Hey! Isn't that a gorgeous sight?!!! I'd say we broke out of the clouds right at 500 feet or so. You are actually flying an instrument approach - that should make you proud as a peacock! Now keep fixing on the runway, but I'll continue to give you the instrument approach instructions."
15) At "3.0" DME, continue descent to "440" feet
16) You need to be at "440" feet when NAV 1 DME DIST is "1.7"
17) Set FLAPS to third notch (30 degrees)
"All right! Go ahead and adjust to a total visual look at the runway. This will be your night landing, so have fun with it! Relax and wear a big smile on your face - it'll relax the rest of your body!"
18) When one half mile from the approach end, airspeed should be "70" knots
"The airplane is not a respecter of night or day. It'll still react to the proper corrections, so adjust height with power, and airspeed with pitch."
19) When you are 10 to 20 feet off the runway, reduce power to about "1000" RPM, and start to slowly pitch the nose of the aircraft up to slow your descent and establish a touchdown attitude
"The night time charm! You've got to admit that this is probably one of the most beautiful spots to be in - oh, all right! Sorry to distract you! Is that why your airspeed is starting to scare me a little? WATCH YOUR AIRSPEED! Be careful not to stall the aircraft. Don't let your airspeed drop below 60 knots."
20) When you are five feet off the runway, hold the nose of the aircraft up and allow the airspeed to SLOWLY bleed off. Your aircraft will settle onto the runway while you follow the centerline.
"Don't be impatient, let the aircraft settle onto the runway slowly."
21) After touchdown, reduce power to 600 RPM
22) Apply the brakes
23) Turn right and taxi off the active runway
24) When the aircraft stops, set CARB HEAT to "OFF"
25) Set FLAPS to "0"
"You did it! You did an instrument flight and saw how absolutely simple this whole affair can become. Now, it does become much more difficult, but it will feel simple as soon as you learn to talk the instrument language and fly the instrument language. There's a lot of procedural memorization which has to take place, but it's all logical and natural. So, see what you have to look forward to? Let's get our taxi clearance on frequency 121.9. We'll need some fuel, so let them know that too."
26) Tune COM to "121.9" (Kennedy Ground)
You:
"KENNEDY GROUND, CESSNA 13MIKE IS DOWN AND CLEAR OF RUNWAY 22 LEFT FOR TAXI TO THE TERMINAL. WE'LL REQUIRE FUEL, PLEASE."
Kennedy Ground:
"CESSNA 13MIKE, CLEARED TO TAXI TO THE TERMINAL. FUEL TRUCK WILL BE ADVISED OF YOUR NEED."
27) Proceed to the fueling pit on the north side of the tower
28) Turn LIGHTS "OFF"
29) Turn STROBES "OFF"
30) Turn MAGS to "LEAN" to shut down the engine
** 31) Record the TIME________________________(5 pts)
TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE FOR THIS FLIGHT 510
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