Microsoft Flight Simulator Handbook
by Jonathan M. Stern
INDEX
A
accelerated stalls, 88
acceleration error (magnetic compass), 61-62
adding
thunderstorms, 197
winds, 197
ADF (Automatic Direction Finder), 170
adjustable-pitch propellers, 41
aerobatics, 133-134
aileron roll, 136-137
hammerhead turn, 140-141
Immelmann, 139-140
inverted roll, 137-138
loops, 135-136
spins, 134-135
Split S, 138-139
aerodynamics
airfoils, 41
angle of attack, 41-42
Bernoulli, Daniel, 41
forces
drag, 42-43
lift, 42-43
thrust, 42-43
weight, 42-43
lift, 41
aileron roll (aerobatics), 136-137
ailerons, 34
rudders (coordinating), 572
air (thin), 256
air traffic control (ATC)
Flight Simulator Flight Shop (software), 347-348
handbook, 338-339
history, 337
landings, 165
Tower Controller (software), 339-342
TRACON for Windows (software), 342-347
air traffic controllers, clearance delivery, 157-158
airfoils (aerodynamics), 41
airframe
durability, 149
icing, 194
airplanes
ailerons, 34
bi-planes
instruments, 121
landing, 122
preflight checks, 120
specifications, 121
taxiing, 122
controls
elevator, 33
rudder, 33
corporate jet
engines, 124-128
flying tips, 128
instruments, 124
specifications, 123
spoilers, 126
thrust reversers, 127
engines (four stroke), 39
fuselage, 32
gliders
soaring, 130
specifications, 129
high performance
cruise flight, 118
flying, 118
fuel, 116, 119
landing, 119-120
preflight checks, 117
traffic pattern, 119-120
IFR, 237-238
instruments, 181
attitude, 175-176
climbing, 179-182
descents, 180-182
loss of control, 150
loss of orientation, 151-152
maneuvers, 176
scan pattern, 183
straight flight, 177
turns, 178-179
landing gear, 36
retractable, 36-38
wheel brakes, 38
models, 115
propellers, 41
tail (empennage), 33
taxiing, 110
Map View, 111
turning, 45
wings, 32
airports
alternate, 237
weather, 219
ARTCC control, 163-164
departure control, 162-163
ground control (avionics), 159-160
light guns, 68-69
local control, 160-161
Meigs Field, 21
O'Hare, 26
sketch, 208-209
sketches, 363-365
taking off (minima), 240
traffic, 66-68
airships, 68
airspeed
calibrated, 52
calibrating, 551
density altitude, 48
equivalent, 52
ICE T, 48
indicated, 51-53, 572
slow flight, 84-85
true, 52-53, 572
airspeed indicator, 46-51
pitot tube, 50-51
static port, 50-51
V (designation), 54-55
alphabet, phonetic, 166
alternate airports, 219, 237
altimeter, 46, 54-55
barometric settings, 56
altitude
density, 47, 49
airspeed, 48
calculating, 50
Federal Aviation Regulations, 81
MOCA (Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude), 202
pressure, 49
selecting
flight log, 219-220
visibility, 143-144
visual flight, 144
altitude hold (autopilot), 25
America Online Flight Sim Center, 568
ANDS (Accelerate North, Decelerate South), 62
angle of attack (wings), 41-42
anvil (thunderstorms), 192
AOL Flight Center (America Online), 568
approaches
air traffic control, 165
airport sketch, 208-209
circling, 289-291
DH (Decision Height), 208
go arounds, 109-110
ILS, 303-308
component failures, 316-318
daylight, 308-311
European, 318-322
nighttime, 312-315
lights, 278-280
rabbit, 278
localizer back courses, 323-325
MDA (Minimum Descent Altitude), 208
NDB, 292-293
flying, 296
non-terminal, 296-300
terminal, 300-302
tracking, 293-295
non-precision, 208
precision, 208
stalling, 86-87
traffic patterns, 99-102
load factor, 103
visibility, 207
VOR, 271
DME, 284-286
DME arc transition, 286-288
non-terminal, 272-276
terminal, 281-284
area weather settings, 198-199
ARROW (acronym), 238
ARTCC control
avionics, 163-164
ATC (Air Traffic Control)
Flight Simulator Flight Shop (software), 347-348
handbook, 338-339
history, 337
landings, 165
Tower Controller (software), 339-342
TRACON for Windows (software), 342-347
ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service), 156-157
attitude
instrument flying, 175, 181
climbing, 179-182
descents, 180-182
maneuvers, 176
scan pattern, 183
scanning, 176
straight flight, 177
turns, 178-179
attitude indicator, 46
gyroscopic instruments, 57
autopilot
altitude hold, 25
settings, 248-249
avionics
ADF (Automatic Direction Finder), 170
ARTCC control, 163-164
ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service), 156-157
clearance delivery, 157-158
departure control, 162-163
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), 170-172
ground control, 159-160
local control, 160-161
numeric keypad, 156
radios, 155, 167
frequencies, 169
ILS (Instrument Landing System), 169
navigation, 167-168
transponder, 173
axes
pitch axis (elevator control), 33
roll axis, 33
yaw axis (rudder), 33
B
back courses (localizers), 323-325
back side of the power curve, 43
balance
longitudinal, 65
preflight checks, 62
balloons, 68
bank angle (turn coordinator), 58
banking, 45, 82-83
clearing turns, 84-85
aerobatics (hammerhead turns), 140-141
clearing turns, 84-85
left, 26
left turning tendencies, 44
Northerly error (magnetic compass), 61
see also turning
barometric settings (altimeter), 56
Bernoulli, Daniel
(aerodynamics), 41
bi-planes
instruments, 121
landing, 122
preflight checks, 120
specifications, 121
taxiing, 122
blind flying, 150
Boston, flying to Windsor Locks, 239-249
brakes, 38
landing (normal), 105
C
calculating
density altitude, 50
fuel requirements, 261
calibrated airspeed, 52
calibrating airspeed, 551
carburetor ice, 40
categories (pilots), 115
Cessna
preflight checks, 547
cruise flight, 118
flying, 118
fuel, 116
controlling mixture, 119
handbook, 547
airspeed calibration, 551
climbing, 548-552
cruise performance, 553-554
cruising, 549
descent, 549
go arounds, 550-551
landing, 549-550
landing distance, 555
takeoff distance, 551-552
taking off, 547-548
landing, 119-120
preflight checks, 117
traffic pattern, 119-120
Champaign, flying to Chicago, 262-263
Changeover Point (COP), 256
charts
airport sketches, 363-365
departure (Gorman), 257
enroute
high altitude, 201-202
low altitude, 201-202
Final Approach (software), 211-213
IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures), 203
feeder routes, 205
headings, 204
landing minima, 206
plane view, 204
profile view, 205-206
IFR enroute low altitude charts, 351-353
INOP visual aids (inoperative components), 354
Instrument Approach Procedure charts, 383-545
ISS (Instrument Scenery Set), 209-211
landing minima, 355-356
legends, 351-367
low altitude enroute, 369-381
navigation, 209-211
rate of descent, 366
SID, 361-362
STAR, 361-362
Chateaudun, flying to Paris, 264-266
Chicago, flying from Champaign, 262-263
low altitude enroute charts, 376
circling approaches, 289-291
clearance, 238
avionics, 157-158
clearing turns, 84-85
climbing, 25, 45-46, 79-80
crosswinds, 75-77
departure control, 242
departure stalls, 85-86
flight log
fuel, 221
time, 221
fuel, 552
handbook, 548-549
instrument flying, 179-182
pitch attitude, 45-46
required rate, 240
taking off (rotation), 75
thin air, 256
clocks, Universal Coordinated Time, 186
clouds
thunderstorms, 187
types, 195-196
visibility, 143-144
visual flight, 144
commands
Options menu
Land Me, 26
Save Situation, 249, 573
World menu (Weather), 254
communications
light guns, 68-69
radios, 155, 167
frequencies, 169
ILS (Instrument Landing System), 169
navigation, 167-168
VOR (Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range), 169-170
compass (magnetic), 59
acceleration error, 61-62
ANDS (Accelerate North, Decelerate South), 62
deviation, 61
gyroscopic instruments, 59
heading indicator, 60
isogonic lines, 59-60
Northerly turning error, 61
CompuServe Flight Sim Forum, 567-568
configuration (instruments), 240
configuring Flight Simulator, 571
controllers, 29
joystick, 22-23
mouse, 22
numeric keypad, 22-23, 29-33
yoke, 22-23
controls
elevator, 33
mixture, 39
propeller, 116
rudder, 33
secondary
flaps, 34-35
spoilers, 34-35
trim tabs, 34-35
COP (Changeover Point), 256
Coriolis force (pressure systems), 188
corporate jet (Lear)
Cessna (comparing), 125
engines, 124
idling, 128
shutting down, 127
starting, 126
flying tips, 128
instruments, 124
specifications, 123
spoilers, 126
thrust reversers, 127
crab angles (rectangular courses), 94
crashing, 27
crosswinds
landing
flare, 107
sideslip, 106
taking off, 75-77
cruise flight (high performance airplanes), 118
cruising
flight log, 221-222
handbook, 549
performance, 553-554
D
daylight ILS approaches, 308-311
density altitude, 47-49
airspeed, 48
calculating, 50
departure charts (Gorman), 257
departure control
avionics, 162-163
climbing, 242
departure stalls, 85-86
descending, 46
descents
ground reference maneuvers, 91-92
handbook, 549
instrument flying, 180-182
rate of descent chart, 366
deviation (magnetic compass), 61
DH (Decision Height), 208
dialog boxes (Sim/Realism), 44
direct holding patterns, 329-330
directional gyro (heading indicator), 59
distances
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), 171
landing, 555
marker beacons (avionics), 172
taking off, 551-552
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
avionics, 170-171
VOR approaches, 284-286
arc transition, 286-288
drag, 42-43
back side of the power curve, 43
induced, 43
parasitic, 43
durability of airframe, 149
E
EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature), 116
numeric keypad, 119
elevator control (pitch axis), 33
elevator trim (taking off), 73
empennage (tail), 33
engines
carburetor ice, 40
corporate jet, 124
idling, 128
shutting down, 127
starting, 126
four stroke, 39
ignition switch, 40
magnetos, 40
mixture controls, 39
preflight checks, 74
propellers, 41
throttle, 40
enroute charts
high altitude, 201-202
low altitude, 201-202, 369-381
MEA (Minimum Enroute Altitude), 202
MOCA (Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude), 202
Victor airways, 202-203
VORs, 202
VORTACs, 202
equivalent airspeed, 52
errors (landing), 107-109
European ILS approaches, 318-322
Innsbruck, 321-322
Paris, 318-320
Everett, flying from Port Angeles, 258-261
F
Federal Aviation Regulations
aerobatics, 133-134
aileron roll, 136-137
hammerhead turn, 140-141
Immelmann, 139-140
inverted roll, 137-138
loops, 135-136
spins, 134-135
Split S, 138-139
altitudes, 81
holding patterns, 328
feeder routes (IAPs), 205
Final Approach (software), 211-213
fixed-pitch propellers, 41, 572
flaps, 34-35
landing (normal), 104
flare, crosswind landing, 107
flight log, 215, 557, 565
altitude selection, 219-220
Champaign to Chicago, 262-263
Chateaudun to Paris, 265
climbing
fuel, 221
time, 221
cruising, 221-222
flight planning, 222-224
software, 224-230
Innsbruck to Munich, 267-269
landing (runway), 222
Port Angeles to Everett, 258-259
route selection, 216-218
SIDs (Standard Instrument Departures), 217
STARs (Standard Terminal Arrival Routes), 217
taking off (runway), 220-221
weather, 218-219
Flight Planner 5 (software), 229
flight planning
flight log, 222-224
software
Flight Planner 5, 229
Flitesoft Pro, 224-226
FSPlan, 230
Navigator, 226-228
Flight Simulator
airplanes (saving), 573
configuring, 571
installing, 571
manual setup, 233-234
Real Weather Pilot, 234-235
sound, 571
starting, 22
starting flight, 573
trainer situation, 572
weather, 186
Flight Simulator Flight Shop (software)
air traffic control (ATC), 347-348
Flitesoft Pro software (flight planning), 224-226
flying
aerobatics, 133-134
aileron roll, 136-137
hammerhead turn, 140-141
Immelmann, 139-140
inverted roll, 137-138
loops, 135-136
spins, 134-135
Split S, 138-139
blind, 150
Boston to Windsor Locks, 239-249
Champaign to Chicago, 262-263
Chateaudun to Paris, 264-266
clearance, 238
climbing, 79-80
corporate jet, 128
high performance airplanes, 118
Innsbruck to Munich, 267
instruments, 181
attitude, 175-176
climbing, 179-182
descents, 180-182
loss of control, 150
loss of orientation, 151-152
maneuvers, 176
scan pattern, 183
straight flight, 177
turns, 178-179
Los Angeles to San Francisco, 250-257
NDB approaches, 296
pilot reports, 243
Port Angeles to Everett, 258-261
radar, 243
slow, 84-85
stalling, 83-84
accelerated, 88
starting, 573
straight and level, 80-81
turning, 82-83
visual, 143-144
wind
ground reference maneuvers, 92
pressure systems, 188
taxiing, 112
turbulence, 193
velocity, 246-247
forecasts (weather), 185
alternate airports, 219
area settings, 198-199
clouds, 187
types, 195-196
flight log, 218-219
Flight Simulator, 186
manual setup, 233-234
Real Weather Pilot (software), 234-235
global settings, 194-195
icing (airframe), 194
local settings, 198-199
Los Angeles, 251
moisture, 189
pressure systems, 187-188
Coriolis force, 188
reports
interpreting, 252-255
San Francisco, 251
temperature, 198
thunderstorms, 185, 189-191
adding, 197
anvil, 192
turbulence, 193
visibility, 194
wind shear, 191
winds, 197
adding, 197
ground reference maneuvers, 92
pressure systems, 188
runways, 159-160
taxiing, 112
turbulence, 193
velocity, 246-247
forces (drag), 42-43
back side of the power curve, 43
induced, 43
parasitic, 43
lift, 42-43
thrust, 42-43
weight, 42-43
forums (CompuServe Flight Sim Forum), 567-568
four stroke engine, 39
frequencies
glideslopes, 169-170
localizers, 169-170
radios, 169
FSPlan (flight planning), 230
FTP sites, 569
fuel
climbing, 552
flight log, 221
high performance airplanes, 116
controlling mixture, 119
requirements (calculating), 261
taking off (mixture), 73
fuselage, 32
G
geographical reference (loss of orientation), 151-152
gliders, 68
soaring, 130
specifications, 129
glides
ground reference maneuvers, 91-92
rectangular courses, 92-94
s-turns across roads, 95-96
turns about points, 96
glideslope, 306
frequencies, 169-170
global weather settings, 194-195
go arounds
handbook, 550-551
landing, 109-110
Gorman departure chart, 257
Greenwich Mean Time, 186
ground control (avionics), 159-160
ground reference maneuvers glides, 91-92
rectangular courses, 92-93
crab angles, 94
s-turns across roads, 95-96
turns about points, 96
wind, 92
groundspeed, 247
GUMP check (gas, undercarriage, mixture, propeller, 276
gyroscopic instruments, 57
attitude indicator, 57
heading indicator, 59
magnetic compass, 59
acceleration error, 61-62
ANDS (Accelerate North, Decelerate South), 62
deviation, 61
heading indicator, 60
isogonic lines, 59-60
Northerly turning error, 61
turn coordinator, 58
bank angle, 58
inclinometer, 58
gyroscopic precession (left turning tendencies), 44
H
hammerhead turns (aerobatics), 140-141
handbook
air traffic control (ATC), 338-339
climbing, 548-549
cruising, 549
descent, 549
go arounds, 550-551
landing, 549-550
taking off, 547
hazards
carburetor ice, 40
landing, 107-109
stalling, 83-84
weather, 185
alternate airports, 219
area settings, 198-199
clouds, 187, 195-196
flight log, 218-219
Flight Simulator, 186, 233-235
global settings, 194-195
icing (airframe), 194
local settings, 198-199
Los Angeles, 251
moisture, 189
pressure systems, 187
Coriolis force, 188
reports (interpreting), 252-255
San Francisco, 251
temperature, 198
thunderstorms, 185, 189-192, 197
turbulence, 193
visibility, 194
wind shear, 191
winds, 159-160, 193, 197, 246-247
weight, 63-64
heading
IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures)
charts, 204
heading indicator, 47
gyroscopic instruments, 59
magnetic compass, 60
hemisphere rule, 220
high altitude enroute charts, 201-202
high performance airplanes, 116
cruise flight, 118
flying, 118
fuel, 116
controlling mixture, 119
handbook, 547
airspeed calibration, 551
climbing, 548-552
cruise performance, 553-554
cruising, 549
descent, 549
go arounds, 550-551
landing, 549-550
landing distance, 555
takeoff distance, 551-552
taking off, 547-548
landing, 119-120
preflight checks, 117
traffic pattern, 119-120
history air traffic control (ATC), 337
holding patterns, 327-328
direct, 329-330
Federal Aviation Regulations, 328
instrument failure, 333-335
parallel, 329-330
practice, 331-332
teardrop, 329-330
I
IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures)
charts, 203
feeder routes, 205
headings, 204
landing minima, 206
plane view, 204, 359-360
profile view, 205-206, 359-360
ice (airframe), 194
ICE T (airspeed), 48
calibrated airspeed, 52
equivalent airspeed, 52
indicated airspeed, 51
true airspeed, 52
idling (engines), 128
IFR enroute low altitude charts, 351-353
airplanes, 237-238
pilots, 237
ignition switch, 40
ILS (Instrument Landing System)
radios, 169
ILS approaches, 303-308
component failures, 316-318
daylight, 308-311
European, 318-322
Innsbruck, 321-322
Paris, 318-320
nighttime, 312-315
IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions), 150
Immelmann (aerobatics), 139-140
in-flight breakup
instruments
failure, 149-150
inclinometer
turn coordinator, 58
indicated airspeed, 51-53, 572
induced drag, 43
inertia (taxiing), 111-112
Innsbruck
European ILS approaches, 321-322
flying to Munich, 267-269
INOP visual aids (inoperative components), 354
installing Flight Simulator, 571
instrument flying
attitude, 175-176, 181
climbing, 179-182
descents, 180-182
maneuvers, 176
scan pattern, 183
straight flight, 177
turns, 178-179
IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures)
charts, 203
instruments
airspeed indicator, 46, 50-51
pitot tube, 50-51
static port, 50-51
altimeter, 46, 54-55
barometric settings, 56
approaches (VOR), 271
attitude indicator, 46
autopilot settings, 248-249
bi-planes, 121
configuration, 240
corporate jet, 124
EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature), 116
numeric keypad, 119
failure, 150
holding patterns, 333-335
ILS approaches, 316-318
IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions), 150
in-flight breakup, 149
loss of orientation, 151-152
gyroscopic, 57
attitude indicator, 57
heading indicator, 59
magnetic compass, 59
turn coordinator, 58
heading indicator, 47
ILS (Instrument Landing System), 169
marker beacons, 172
pitot-static, 47
runways
precision, 311
TO/FROM indicator, 244
turn coordinator, 46
vertical speed indicator, 47, 56
interpreting weather reports, 252-255
inverted flight (aerobatics), 137-138
isogonic lines (magnetic compass), 59-60
ISS (Instrument Scenery Set), 209-211
J-K-L
joysticks, 22-23
LAE (Low Altitude Enroute charts), 201-202
Land Me command (Options menu), 26
landing, 26-27
air traffic control, 165
airport sketch, 208-209
approaches
localizer back courses, 323-325
bi-planes, 122
checklist, 276
circling approaches, 289-291
crosswinds
flare, 107
sideslip, 106
DH (Decision Height), 208
distance, 555
go arounds, 109-110
handbook, 549-550
high performance airplanes, 119-120
ILS approaches, 303-308
component failures, 316-318
daylight, 308-311
European, 318-322
nighttime, 312-315
MDA (Minimum Descent Altitude), 208
minima, 355-356
minima (IAPs), 206
mistakes, 107-109
normal, 104
brakes, 105
flaps, 104
runway, 105
touchdown zone, 104
runway
flight log, 222
slow flight, 84-85
stalling, 86-87
taxiing, 110
inertia, 111-112
Map View, 111
wind, 112
traffic (right of way), 69
traffic patterns, 99-102
load factor, 103
visibility, 207
landing gear, 36
checklist, 276
retractable, 36-38
retracting, 117, 242
wheel brakes, 38
LDA (Localizer-Type Directional Aid), 204
Lear jet
Cessna (comparing), 125
engines, 124
idling, 128
shutting down, 127
starting, 126
flying tips, 128
instruments, 124
specifications, 123
spoilers, 126
thrust reversers, 127
left turning tendencies, 26, 44
legends (charts), 351-367
level flight, 80-81
instrument flying, 177
lift, 42-43
aerodynamics, 41
light guns, 68-69
lights
runway
rabbit, 278
runways, 278-280
load factors
landing, 103
local control
avionics, 160-161
local weather settings, 198-199
localizers
approaches, 323-325
frequencies, 169-170
runways, 305-306
logs, 557-565
longitudinal balance, 65
loops (aerobatics), 135-136
Los Angeles, flying to San Francisco, 250-257
low altitude enroute charts, 374
weather, 251
loss of orientation, 151-152
low altitude enroute charts, 201-202, 369-381
MEA (Minimum Enroute Altitude), 202
MOCA (Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude), 202
Victor airways, 202-203
VORs, 202
VORTACs, 202
M
magnetic compass
acceleration error, 61-62
ANDS (Accelerate North, Decelerate South), 62
deviation, 61
gyroscopic instruments, 59
heading indicator, 60
isogonic lines, 59-60
Northerly turning error, 61
magnetos, 40
maneuvers
aerobatics, 133-134
aileron roll, 136-137
hammerhead turn, 140-141
Immelmann, 139-140
inverted roll, 137-138
loops, 135-136
spins, 134-135
Split S, 138-139
instrument flying, 176
manual setup (Flight Simulator), 233-234
Map View (taxiing), 111
marker beacons (avionics), 172
MDA (Minimum Descent Altitude), 208
MEA (Minimum Enroute Altitude), 202
Meigs Field, 21
meteorology, 185
alternate airports, 219
area settings, 198-199
clouds, 187
types, 195-196
flight log, 218-219
Flight Simulator, 186
manual setup, 233-234
Real Weather Pilot (software), 234-235
global settings, 194-195
icing (airframe), 194
local settings, 198-199
Los Angeles, 251
moisture, 189
pressure systems, 187
Coriolis force, 188
reports (interpreting), 252-255
San Francisco, 251
temperature, 198
thunderstorms, 185, 189-191
adding, 197
anvil, 192
turbulence, 193
visibility, 194
wind shear, 191
winds, 197
adding, 197
ground reference maneuvers, 92
pressure systems, 188
runways, 159-160
taxiing, 112
turbulence, 193
velocity, 246-247
Microsoft World Wide Web page, 568
MicroWINGS, 567
miles (nautical), 47
minima
IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures), 206
landing, 355-356
taking off, 240
mistakes (landing), 107-109
mixture
controls, 39
high performance airplanes, 116
controlling, 119
taking off, 73
MOCA (Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude), 202
models (airplanes), 115
moisture (weather), 189
mouse, 22
MSA (Minimum Safe Altitude), 205
Munich, flying from Innsbruck, 267-269
N
nautical miles, 47
navigation
ADF (Automatic Direction Finder), 170
charts, 209-211
Final Approach (software), 211-213
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), 170-171
marker beacons (avionics), 172
radios, 167-168
transponder, 173
Navigator (software)
flight planning, 226-228
flying Chateaudun to Paris, 265
NDB approaches, 292-293
flying, 296
non-terminal, 296-300
terminal, 300-302
tracking, 293-295
New York City (low altitude enroute charts), 380
newsgroups (resources), 569
nighttime ILS approaches, 312-315
non-precision approaches, 208
NDB, 292-293
flying, 296
non-terminal, 296-300
terminal, 300-302
tracking, 293-295
VORs, 271
non-terminal approaches
NDB approaches, 296-300
VORs, 272-276
normal landing, 104
brakes, 105
flaps, 104
runway, 105
touchdown zone, 104
Northerly turning error
magnetic compass, 61
nose wheel
steering, 38
numeric keypad, 22-23, 29-33
avionics, 156
EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature), 119
steering, 39
taking off, 72-73
O
O'Hare airport, 26
Options menu commands
Land me, 26
Save Situation, 249, 573
orientation (loss), 151-152
orienting position, 24
overload (weight), 63-64
P
pages (WWW), 568
parallel holding patterns, 329-330
parasitic drag, 43
Paris
European ILS approaches, 319-320
flying from Chateaudun, 264-266
patterns (holding), 327-328
direct, 329-330
instument failure, 333-335
parallel, 329-330
practice, 331-332
teardrop, 329-330
performance
cruising, 553-554
density altitude, 47-48
temperature, 49
phonetic alphabet, 166
pilots
categories, 115
IFR, 237
operating handbook (POH), 50
phonetic alphabet, 166
reports, 243
transition training, 115
pitch (propellers), 41
pitch attitude, 25
climbing, 45-46
pitch axis (elevator control), 33
pitot tube (airspeed indicator), 50-51
pitot-static instruments, 47
plan views, 273, 359-360
IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures), 204
POH (pilot operating handbook), 50
calibrating airspeed, 551
climbing, 548-549
fuel, 552
cruising, 549
cruising performance, 553-554
descent, 549
go arounds, 550-551
landing, 549-550
landing distance, 555
takeoff distance, 551-552
taking off, 547
Port Angeles, flying to Everett, 258-261
position (orienting), 24
power curve (back side of), 43
practice maneuvers (clearing turns), 84-85
precision approaches, 208
precision instrument runways, 311
preflight checks
balance, 62
longitudinal, 65
bi-planes, 120
high performance airplane, 547
taking off, 547-548
high performance airplanes, 117
taking off, 72
elevator trim, 73
engine, 74
mixture, 73
numeric keypad, 72
weight, 62-64
taking off, 65-66
pressure altitude, 49
pressure gradient force, 188
pressure systems
Coriolis force, 188
pressure gradient force, 188
weather, 187-188
wind, 188
profile view
IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures), 205-206
profile views, 273, 359-360
programs
Final Approach, 211-213
flight planning
Flight Planner 5, 229
Flitesoft Pro, 224-226
FSPlan, 230
Navigator, 226-228
Flight Simulator Flight Shop, 347-348
Real Weather Pilot
Flight Simulator, 234-235
Tower Controller, 339-342
TRACON for Windows, 342-347
propellers
controls, 116
fixed pitch, 572
left turning tendencies, 44
pitch, 41
R
rabbit (runway lights), 278
radar, 243
transponder, 173
radio, 155
radios, 167
frequencies, 169
ILS (Instrument Landing System), 169
navigation, 167-168
VOR (Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range), 169-170
rate of descent chart, 366
Real Weather Pilot (software), 234-235
recovering
slow flight, 85
stalling, 83-84
rectangular courses
ground reference maneuvers, 92-93
crab angles, 94
regulations, Federal Aviation Regulations, 81
REILs (Runway End Identifier Lights), 280
reports
pilots, 243
weather
interpreting, 252-255
required rate climbing, 240
requirements (fuel), 261
resources
America Online, 568
CompuServe Flight Sim Forum, 567-568
FTP sites, 569
Microsoft World Wide Web page, 568
MicroWINGS, 567
newsgroups, 569
retracting, 36-38
landing gear, 117, 242
ridge soaring (gliders), 130
right of way (landing), 68-69
roll axis, 33
rolls
aileron, 136
inverted, 137-138
rotation (taking off), 75
routes
selecting, 216-218
SIDs (Standard Instrument Departures), 217
STARs (Standard Terminal Arrival Routes), 217
rudders
ailerons (coordinating), 572
yaw axis, 33
runways
landing
flight log, 222
normal, 105
lights, 278-280
localizers, 305, 306
precision instrument, 311
taking off, 220-221
traffic, 66-68
transmissometers, 207
visibility, 277-278
winds, 159-160
RVR (Runway Visual Range), 207
S
s-turns, ground reference maneuvers, 95-96
San Francisco
flying from Los Angeles, 250-257
low altitude enroute charts, 372
weather, 251
Save Situation command (Options menu), 249, 573
saving (airplane), 573
scanning instruments, 176, 183
screen refresh rate, 572
SDA (Simplified Directional Facility Approach), 204
Seattle (low altitude enroute charts), 370
secondary controls flaps, 34-35
spoilers, 34-35
trim tabs, 34-35
selecting
altitude, flight log, 219-220
routes, 216-218
SIDs (Standard Instrument Departures), 217
STARs (Standard Terminal Arrival Routes), 217
settings (autopilot), 248-249
shutting down (engines), 127
sideslip method (crosswind landing), 106
SIDs (Standard Instrument Departures), 217
signals (VORs), 244
Sim/Realism dialog box, 44
sketches (airport), 208-209
sketches, airports, 363-365
slow flight, 84-85
soaring gliders, 130
software
Final Approach, 211-213
flight planning
Flight Planner 5, 229
Flitesoft Pro, 224-226
FSPlan, 230
Navigator, 226-228
Flight Simulator Flight Shop, 347-348
Real Weather Pilot
Flight Simulator, 234-235
Tower Controller, 339-342
TRACON for Windows, 342-347
Sopwith Camel (bi-plane)
instruments, 121
landing, 122
preflight checks, 120
specifications, 121
taxiing, 122
sound (Flight Simulator), 571
specifications
bi-planes, 121
corporate jet, 123
gliders, 129
speed
climbing, 240
groundspeed, 247
V (designation), 54-55
vertical speed indicator, 56
spins (aerobatics), 134-135
Split S
aerobatics, 138-139
spoilers, 34-35
corporate jet, 126
stalling, 83-84
accelerated, 88
departure stalls, 85-86
landing, 86-87
recovering, 83-84
STAR charts, 361-362
STARs (Standard Terminal Arrival Routes), 217
starting
engines, 126
flight, 573
Flight Simulator, 22
static port (airspeed indicator), 50-51
steering
nose wheel, 38
numeric keypad, 39
straight flight, 80-81
instrument flying, 177
T
tail (empennage), 33
tail draggers (bi-plane)
instruments, 121
landing, 122
preflight checks, 120
specifications, 121
taxiing, 122
taking off, 24-27, 71
clearance, 238
crosswinds, 75-77
departure stalls, 85-86
distance, 551-552
elevator trim, 73
engine checks, 74
minima, 240
mixture, 73
numeric keypad, 72
preflight checks, 72, 547-548
rotation, 75
runway
flight log, 220-221
slow flight, 84-85
traffic patterns, 100
weight, 29, 65-66
taxiing, 110
bi-planes, 122
crosswinds, 76
inertia, 111-112
Map View, 111
wind, 112
teardrop holding patterns, 329-330
temperature, 198
performance, 49
terminal approaches
NDB approaches, 300-302
VORs, 281284
thermal soaring (gliders), 130
thin air climbing, 256
throttle, 40
thrust, 42-43
corporate jet (reversers), 127
thunderstorms, 185, 189-191
adding, 197
anvil, 192
clouds, 187
time (flight log), 221
clocks, Universal Coordinated Time, 186
TO/FROM indicator, 244
touchdown zone, 104
Tower Controller (software), 339-342
tracking
directly (VORs), 245-246
NDB approaches, 293-295
transponder, 173
TRACON for Windows (software)
air traffic control (ATC), 342-347
traffic
airports, 66-68
ground reference maneuvers rectangular courses, 92-94
s-turns across roads, 95-96
turns about points, 96
high performance airplanes landing pattern, 119-120
holding patterns, 327-328
landing, 69
right of ways, 68
traffic patterns
landings, 99-102
load factor, 103
taking off, 100
Trainer situation (Flight Simulator), 572
transition training (pilots), 115
transmissometers (runways), 207
transmitters (VORs), 241, 247
transponder, 173
trim tabs, 34-35
true airspeed, 52-53, 572
turbulence, 193
turn coordinator, 46
bank angle, 58
gyroscopic instruments, 58
inclinometer, 58
turning, 45, 82-83
aerobatics
aileron roll, 136-137
hammerhead turn, 140-141
Immelmann, 139-140
inverted roll, 137-138
loops, 135-136
spins, 134-135
Split S, 138-139
clearing turns, 84, 85
instrument flying, 178, 179
left, 26
left turning tendencies, 44
Northerly error (magnetic compass), 61
see also banking
turns about points, ground reference maneuvers, 96
U-V
Universal Coordinated Time, 186
V (designation) speeds, 54-55
V mark (windscreen), 572
VDP (Visual Descent Point), 282
velocity (wind), 246-247
vertical speed indicator, 47, 56
VHF transmissions, 241
Victor airways, low altitude enroute charts, 202-203
views, windscreen (V mark), 572
visibility, 194
altitude, 143-144
approaches, 207
clouds, 143-144
landing, 207
runway, 277-278
visual flight, 143-144
visual flying, 79
VOR (Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range)
approaches, 271
DME, 284-286
DME arc transition, 286-288
non-terminal, 272-276
terminal, 281-284
low altitude enroute charts, 202
radios, 169-170
signals, 244
tracking directly, 245-246
transmitters, 241, 247
VORTACs, low altitude enroute charts, 202
W
Washington D.C., low altitude enroute charts, 378
weather, 185
alternate airports, 219
area settings, 198-199
clouds, 187
types, 195-196
flight log, 218-219
Flight Simulator, 186
manual setup, 233-234
Real Weather Pilot (software), 234-235
global settings, 194-195
icing (airframe), 194
local settings, 198-199
Los Angeles, 251
moisture, 189
pressure systems, 187-188
Coriolis force, 188
reports (interpreting), 252-255
San Francisco, 251
temperature, 198
thunderstorms, 185, 189-191
adding, 197
anvil, 192
turbulence, 193
visibility, 194
wind shear, 191
winds
adding, 197
ground reference maneuvers, 92
pressure systems, 188
runways, 159-160
taxiing, 112
turbulence, 193
velocity, 246-247
Weather command (World menu), 254
weight, 42-43
preflight checks, 62-64
taking off, 29, 65-66
wheels
brakes, 38
nose wheel steering, 38
wind
adding, 197
ground reference maneuvers, 92
pressure systems, 188
runways, 159-160
taxiing, 112
turbulence, 193
velocity, 246-247
wind shear (weather), 191
windscreen (V mark), 572
Windsor Locks, flying from Boston, 239-249
wing low method (crosswind landings), 106
wings, 32
angle of attack, 41-42
World menu commands (Weather), 254
WWW (World Wide Web), 568
X-Y-Z
yaw axis (rudder), 33
yoke, 22-23
Zulu (time), 186
Table of Contents
Previous Section: Installing and Configuring Flight Simulator
Next Section: Back Cover